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And by having access to our ebooks online or by storing it on your computer, you have convenient answers with Abcs Of Pneumatic Circuits.

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It can be seen that initially, the supply is in the last group, G2 (see figure b).

Double-pilot directional control (DC) valves are used as final control elements to control the forward and return strokes of the actuators.

Sensors are used for confirming the actuator positions and providing signals to the final control elements.

However, it is important to remember that the double-pilot DC valves are susceptible to the problem of signal conflicts.

You may remember that the signal conflict is due to the appearance of pilot signals simultaneously on both sides of a double-pilot DC valve, due to which the valve will not be able to move its position in response to a control signal.

The cylinder A is to extend and bring a job under the stamping cylinder B.

The cylinder A can return back only after the cylinder B has retracted fully.

The sequential control task can also be expressed in a displacement-step diagram as shown.

The displacements of cylinders are plotted in accordance with the required sequence of the cylinder actions in equal steps.

For example, the displacement of any cylinder from the retracted position (0) to the extended position (1) is shown in the diagram with a line from 0 to 1.

Usually, a Start signal is also required along with the a0 signal (the last signal of the control sequence) for obtaining the A action (the first cylinder action of the control sequence).

Represent the sensors a0 and b0 initially in the actuated state.

When the Start pushbutton is pressed, a signal appears at port 14 of the valve 1.1 through the sensor a0.

It can be seen that a signal is also present at port 12 of the valve 1.1, resulting in a signal conflict.

As result, the valve 1.1 is unable to switch over and the circuit will not work at all.

Any of the following methods may be used for the purpose of avoiding the signal conflicts: (1) Cascade method and (2) Shift register.

This article explains only the cascade method of eliminating the signal conflict.

That is, in case A and A- happen to be in the same group, there is a possibility of signals appearing simultaneously at both ends of the final control element (valve 1.1) controlling the cylinder A.

Similarly, there is a possibility of signals appearing simultaneously at both ends of the final control element (valve 2.1) controlling the cylinder B, if the cylinder actions B and B- happen to be in the same group.

Hence the sequence of operations is divided in such a way that the A and A- actions fall into different groups (G1 and G2), and the B and B- actions fall into different groups (G1 and G2), as demonstrated.

In this method, every attempt should be made to keep the number of groups to a minimum so as to keep the number of valves to a minimum.

By an appropriate interconnection of the 52-DC valves, the power supply can be divided into 2 groups, 3 groups, 4 groups etc.

The different positions of the standard 2-group circuit are illustrated in the figures.

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